diff --git a/app/finders/conversation_finder.rb b/app/finders/conversation_finder.rb
index d43ed31e7..3a44e0567 100644
--- a/app/finders/conversation_finder.rb
+++ b/app/finders/conversation_finder.rb
@@ -180,7 +180,9 @@ class ConversationFinder
 
   def conversations_base_query
     @conversations.includes(
-      :taggings, :inbox, { assignee: { avatar_attachment: [:blob] } }, { contact: { avatar_attachment: [:blob] } }, :team, :contact_inbox
+      :taggings, :inbox, { assignee: { avatar_attachment: [:blob] } }, { contact: { avatar_attachment: [:blob] } }, :team, :contact_inbox,
+      { cached_last_message: { attachments: { file_attachment: [:blob] } } },
+      :cached_last_non_activity_message
     )
   end
 
diff --git a/app/jobs/migration/backfill_conversation_cached_message_ids_job.rb b/app/jobs/migration/backfill_conversation_cached_message_ids_job.rb
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..da9caad30
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/jobs/migration/backfill_conversation_cached_message_ids_job.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+class Migration::BackfillConversationCachedMessageIdsJob < ApplicationJob
+  queue_as :low
+
+  def perform
+    Conversation.find_in_batches(batch_size: 1000) do |conversations|
+      conversations.each do |conversation|
+        updates = {}
+
+        last_message = conversation.messages.reorder(created_at: :desc).first
+        updates[:last_message_id] = last_message&.id
+
+        last_incoming = conversation.messages.incoming.reorder(created_at: :desc).first
+        updates[:last_incoming_message_id] = last_incoming&.id
+
+        last_non_activity = conversation.messages.where.not(message_type: :activity).reorder(created_at: :desc).first
+        updates[:last_non_activity_message_id] = last_non_activity&.id
+
+        conversation.update_columns(updates)
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/app/models/conversation.rb b/app/models/conversation.rb
index ca53238e8..65cbcae73 100644
--- a/app/models/conversation.rb
+++ b/app/models/conversation.rb
@@ -105,6 +105,9 @@ class Conversation < ApplicationRecord
   belongs_to :contact_inbox
   belongs_to :team, optional: true
   belongs_to :campaign, optional: true
+  belongs_to :cached_last_message, class_name: 'Message', optional: true, foreign_key: 'last_message_id'
+  belongs_to :cached_last_incoming_message, class_name: 'Message', optional: true, foreign_key: 'last_incoming_message_id'
+  belongs_to :cached_last_non_activity_message, class_name: 'Message', optional: true, foreign_key: 'last_non_activity_message_id'
 
   has_many :mentions, dependent: :destroy_async
   has_many :messages, dependent: :destroy_async, autosave: true
diff --git a/app/models/message.rb b/app/models/message.rb
index 25a26afa9..beaabf6e2 100644
--- a/app/models/message.rb
+++ b/app/models/message.rb
@@ -133,6 +133,7 @@ class Message < ApplicationRecord
   has_many :notifications, as: :primary_actor, dependent: :destroy_async
 
   after_create_commit :execute_after_create_commit_callbacks
+  after_create_commit :update_conversation_cached_message_ids
 
   after_update_commit :dispatch_update_event
   after_commit :reindex_for_search, if: :should_index?, on: [:create, :update]
@@ -422,6 +423,15 @@ class Message < ApplicationRecord
   def reindex_for_search
     reindex(mode: :async)
   end
+
+  def update_conversation_cached_message_ids
+    updates = { last_message_id: id }
+    updates[:last_incoming_message_id] = id if incoming?
+    updates[:last_non_activity_message_id] = id unless activity?
+    # rubocop:disable Rails/SkipsModelValidations
+    conversation.update_columns(updates)
+    # rubocop:enable Rails/SkipsModelValidations
+  end
 end
 
 Message.prepend_mod_with('Message')
diff --git a/app/views/api/v1/conversations/partials/_conversation.json.jbuilder b/app/views/api/v1/conversations/partials/_conversation.json.jbuilder
index 4cb13f543..5bc8b71c5 100644
--- a/app/views/api/v1/conversations/partials/_conversation.json.jbuilder
+++ b/app/views/api/v1/conversations/partials/_conversation.json.jbuilder
@@ -27,13 +27,10 @@ json.meta do
 end
 
 json.id conversation.display_id
-if conversation.messages.where(account_id: conversation.account_id).last.blank?
+if conversation.cached_last_message.blank?
   json.messages []
 else
-  json.messages [
-    conversation.messages.where(account_id: conversation.account_id)
-                .includes([{ attachments: [{ file_attachment: [:blob] }] }]).last.try(:push_event_data)
-  ]
+  json.messages [conversation.cached_last_message.push_event_data]
 end
 
 json.account_id conversation.account_id
@@ -54,7 +51,7 @@ json.updated_at conversation.updated_at.to_f
 json.timestamp conversation.last_activity_at.to_i
 json.first_reply_created_at conversation.first_reply_created_at.to_i
 json.unread_count conversation.unread_incoming_messages.count
-json.last_non_activity_message conversation.messages.where(account_id: conversation.account_id).non_activity_messages.first.try(:push_event_data)
+json.last_non_activity_message conversation.cached_last_non_activity_message&.push_event_data
 json.last_activity_at conversation.last_activity_at.to_i
 json.priority conversation.priority
 json.waiting_since conversation.waiting_since.to_i.to_i
diff --git a/db/migrate/20260128194944_add_cached_message_ids_to_conversations.rb b/db/migrate/20260128194944_add_cached_message_ids_to_conversations.rb
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4b0a267da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/db/migrate/20260128194944_add_cached_message_ids_to_conversations.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+class AddCachedMessageIdsToConversations < ActiveRecord::Migration[7.1]
+  def change
+    add_column :conversations, :last_message_id, :bigint
+    add_column :conversations, :last_incoming_message_id, :bigint
+    add_column :conversations, :last_non_activity_message_id, :bigint
+
+    add_index :conversations, :last_message_id
+    add_index :conversations, :last_incoming_message_id
+    add_index :conversations, :last_non_activity_message_id
+  end
+end
diff --git a/db/schema.rb b/db/schema.rb
index 148e7769c..dee9f19c0 100644
--- a/db/schema.rb
+++ b/db/schema.rb
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 #
 # It's strongly recommended that you check this file into your version control system.
 
-ActiveRecord::Schema[7.1].define(version: 2026_01_20_121402) do
+ActiveRecord::Schema[7.1].define(version: 2026_01_28_194944) do
   # These extensions should be enabled to support this database
   enable_extension "pg_stat_statements"
   enable_extension "pg_trgm"
@@ -71,6 +71,7 @@ ActiveRecord::Schema[7.1].define(version: 2026_01_20_121402) do
     t.jsonb "limits", default: {}
     t.jsonb "custom_attributes", default: {}
     t.integer "status", default: 0
+    t.integer "contactable_contacts_count", default: 0
     t.jsonb "internal_attributes", default: {}, null: false
     t.jsonb "settings", default: {}
     t.index ["status"], name: "index_accounts_on_status"
@@ -589,13 +590,13 @@ ActiveRecord::Schema[7.1].define(version: 2026_01_20_121402) do
     t.bigint "account_id", null: false
     t.datetime "created_at", null: false
     t.datetime "updated_at", null: false
-    t.integer "contacts_count"
+    t.integer "contacts_count", default: 0, null: false
     t.index ["account_id", "domain"], name: "index_companies_on_account_and_domain", unique: true, where: "(domain IS NOT NULL)"
     t.index ["account_id"], name: "index_companies_on_account_id"
     t.index ["name", "account_id"], name: "index_companies_on_name_and_account_id"
   end
 
-  create_table "contact_inboxes", force: :cascade do |t|
+  create_table "contact_inboxes", id: :bigint, default: -> { "nextval('contact_inboxes2_id_seq'::regclass)" }, force: :cascade do |t|
     t.bigint "contact_id"
     t.bigint "inbox_id"
     t.text "source_id", null: false
@@ -603,14 +604,14 @@ ActiveRecord::Schema[7.1].define(version: 2026_01_20_121402) do
     t.datetime "updated_at", null: false
     t.boolean "hmac_verified", default: false
     t.string "pubsub_token"
-    t.index ["contact_id"], name: "index_contact_inboxes_on_contact_id"
-    t.index ["inbox_id", "source_id"], name: "index_contact_inboxes_on_inbox_id_and_source_id", unique: true
-    t.index ["inbox_id"], name: "index_contact_inboxes_on_inbox_id"
-    t.index ["pubsub_token"], name: "index_contact_inboxes_on_pubsub_token", unique: true
-    t.index ["source_id"], name: "index_contact_inboxes_on_source_id"
+    t.index ["contact_id"], name: "contact_inboxes2_contact_id_idx"
+    t.index ["inbox_id", "source_id"], name: "contact_inboxes2_inbox_id_source_id_idx", unique: true
+    t.index ["inbox_id"], name: "contact_inboxes2_inbox_id_idx"
+    t.index ["pubsub_token"], name: "contact_inboxes2_pubsub_token_idx", unique: true
+    t.index ["source_id"], name: "contact_inboxes2_source_id_idx"
   end
 
-  create_table "contacts", id: :serial, force: :cascade do |t|
+  create_table "contacts", id: :integer, default: -> { "nextval('contacts2_id_seq'::regclass)" }, force: :cascade do |t|
     t.string "name", default: ""
     t.string "email"
     t.string "phone_number"
@@ -621,25 +622,27 @@ ActiveRecord::Schema[7.1].define(version: 2026_01_20_121402) do
     t.string "identifier"
     t.jsonb "custom_attributes", default: {}
     t.datetime "last_activity_at", precision: nil
-    t.integer "contact_type", default: 0
+    t.boolean "resolved", default: false, null: false
+    t.integer "contact_type", default: 0, null: false
     t.string "middle_name", default: ""
     t.string "last_name", default: ""
     t.string "location", default: ""
     t.string "country_code", default: ""
     t.boolean "blocked", default: false, null: false
     t.bigint "company_id"
-    t.index "lower((email)::text), account_id", name: "index_contacts_on_lower_email_account_id"
+    t.index "lower((email)::text), account_id", name: "contacts2_lower_account_id_idx"
     t.index ["account_id", "contact_type"], name: "index_contacts_on_account_id_and_contact_type"
-    t.index ["account_id", "email", "phone_number", "identifier"], name: "index_contacts_on_nonempty_fields", where: "(((email)::text <> ''::text) OR ((phone_number)::text <> ''::text) OR ((identifier)::text <> ''::text))"
+    t.index ["account_id", "email", "phone_number", "identifier"], name: "contacts2_account_id_email_phone_number_identifier_idx", where: "(((email)::text <> ''::text) OR ((phone_number)::text <> ''::text) OR ((identifier)::text <> ''::text))"
     t.index ["account_id", "last_activity_at"], name: "index_contacts_on_account_id_and_last_activity_at", order: { last_activity_at: "DESC NULLS LAST" }
-    t.index ["account_id"], name: "index_contacts_on_account_id"
-    t.index ["account_id"], name: "index_resolved_contact_account_id", where: "(((email)::text <> ''::text) OR ((phone_number)::text <> ''::text) OR ((identifier)::text <> ''::text))"
+    t.index ["account_id", "resolved"], name: "index_contacts_on_account_id_and_resolved"
+    t.index ["account_id"], name: "contacts2_account_id_idx"
+    t.index ["account_id"], name: "contacts2_account_id_idx1", where: "(((email)::text <> ''::text) OR ((phone_number)::text <> ''::text) OR ((identifier)::text <> ''::text))"
     t.index ["blocked"], name: "index_contacts_on_blocked"
     t.index ["company_id"], name: "index_contacts_on_company_id"
-    t.index ["email", "account_id"], name: "uniq_email_per_account_contact", unique: true
-    t.index ["identifier", "account_id"], name: "uniq_identifier_per_account_contact", unique: true
-    t.index ["name", "email", "phone_number", "identifier"], name: "index_contacts_on_name_email_phone_number_identifier", opclass: :gin_trgm_ops, using: :gin
-    t.index ["phone_number", "account_id"], name: "index_contacts_on_phone_number_and_account_id"
+    t.index ["email", "account_id"], name: "contacts2_email_account_id_idx", unique: true
+    t.index ["identifier", "account_id"], name: "contacts2_identifier_account_id_idx", unique: true
+    t.index ["name", "email", "phone_number", "identifier"], name: "contacts2_name_email_phone_number_identifier_idx", opclass: :gin_trgm_ops, using: :gin
+    t.index ["phone_number", "account_id"], name: "contacts2_phone_number_account_id_idx"
   end
 
   create_table "conversation_participants", force: :cascade do |t|
@@ -667,7 +670,7 @@ ActiveRecord::Schema[7.1].define(version: 2026_01_20_121402) do
     t.datetime "agent_last_seen_at", precision: nil
     t.jsonb "additional_attributes", default: {}
     t.bigint "contact_inbox_id"
-    t.uuid "uuid", default: -> { "gen_random_uuid()" }, null: false
+    t.uuid "uuid", default: -> { "public.gen_random_uuid()" }, null: false
     t.string "identifier"
     t.datetime "last_activity_at", precision: nil, default: -> { "CURRENT_TIMESTAMP" }, null: false
     t.bigint "team_id"
@@ -681,6 +684,9 @@ ActiveRecord::Schema[7.1].define(version: 2026_01_20_121402) do
     t.datetime "waiting_since"
     t.text "cached_label_list"
     t.bigint "assignee_agent_bot_id"
+    t.bigint "last_message_id"
+    t.bigint "last_incoming_message_id"
+    t.bigint "last_non_activity_message_id"
     t.index ["account_id", "display_id"], name: "index_conversations_on_account_id_and_display_id", unique: true
     t.index ["account_id", "id"], name: "index_conversations_on_id_and_account_id"
     t.index ["account_id", "inbox_id", "status", "assignee_id"], name: "conv_acid_inbid_stat_asgnid_idx"
@@ -692,6 +698,9 @@ ActiveRecord::Schema[7.1].define(version: 2026_01_20_121402) do
     t.index ["first_reply_created_at"], name: "index_conversations_on_first_reply_created_at"
     t.index ["identifier", "account_id"], name: "index_conversations_on_identifier_and_account_id"
     t.index ["inbox_id"], name: "index_conversations_on_inbox_id"
+    t.index ["last_incoming_message_id"], name: "index_conversations_on_last_incoming_message_id"
+    t.index ["last_message_id"], name: "index_conversations_on_last_message_id"
+    t.index ["last_non_activity_message_id"], name: "index_conversations_on_last_non_activity_message_id"
     t.index ["priority"], name: "index_conversations_on_priority"
     t.index ["status", "account_id"], name: "index_conversations_on_status_and_account_id"
     t.index ["status", "priority"], name: "index_conversations_on_status_and_priority"
@@ -758,7 +767,6 @@ ActiveRecord::Schema[7.1].define(version: 2026_01_20_121402) do
     t.string "regex_pattern"
     t.string "regex_cue"
     t.index ["account_id"], name: "index_custom_attribute_definitions_on_account_id"
-    t.index ["attribute_key", "attribute_model", "account_id"], name: "attribute_key_model_index", unique: true
   end
 
   create_table "custom_filters", force: :cascade do |t|
@@ -941,7 +949,7 @@ ActiveRecord::Schema[7.1].define(version: 2026_01_20_121402) do
     t.integer "visibility", default: 0
     t.bigint "created_by_id"
     t.bigint "updated_by_id"
-    t.jsonb "actions", default: {}, null: false
+    t.jsonb "actions", default: "{}", null: false
     t.datetime "created_at", null: false
     t.datetime "updated_at", null: false
     t.index ["account_id"], name: "index_macros_on_account_id"
@@ -960,7 +968,7 @@ ActiveRecord::Schema[7.1].define(version: 2026_01_20_121402) do
     t.index ["user_id"], name: "index_mentions_on_user_id"
   end
 
-  create_table "messages", id: :serial, force: :cascade do |t|
+  create_table "messages", id: :integer, default: -> { "nextval('messages2_id_seq'::regclass)" }, force: :cascade do |t|
     t.text "content"
     t.integer "account_id", null: false
     t.integer "inbox_id", null: false
@@ -979,18 +987,18 @@ ActiveRecord::Schema[7.1].define(version: 2026_01_20_121402) do
     t.jsonb "additional_attributes", default: {}
     t.text "processed_message_content"
     t.jsonb "sentiment", default: {}
-    t.index "((additional_attributes -> 'campaign_id'::text))", name: "index_messages_on_additional_attributes_campaign_id", using: :gin
+    t.index "((additional_attributes -> 'campaign_id'::text))", name: "messages2_expr_idx", using: :gin
     t.index ["account_id", "content_type", "created_at"], name: "idx_messages_account_content_created"
     t.index ["account_id", "created_at", "message_type"], name: "index_messages_on_account_created_type"
-    t.index ["account_id", "inbox_id"], name: "index_messages_on_account_id_and_inbox_id"
-    t.index ["account_id"], name: "index_messages_on_account_id"
-    t.index ["content"], name: "index_messages_on_content", opclass: :gin_trgm_ops, using: :gin
-    t.index ["conversation_id", "account_id", "message_type", "created_at"], name: "index_messages_on_conversation_account_type_created"
-    t.index ["conversation_id"], name: "index_messages_on_conversation_id"
-    t.index ["created_at"], name: "index_messages_on_created_at"
-    t.index ["inbox_id"], name: "index_messages_on_inbox_id"
-    t.index ["sender_type", "sender_id"], name: "index_messages_on_sender_type_and_sender_id"
-    t.index ["source_id"], name: "index_messages_on_source_id"
+    t.index ["account_id", "inbox_id"], name: "messages2_account_id_inbox_id_idx"
+    t.index ["account_id"], name: "messages2_account_id_idx"
+    t.index ["content"], name: "messages2_content_idx", opclass: :gin_trgm_ops, using: :gin
+    t.index ["conversation_id", "account_id", "message_type", "created_at"], name: "messages2_conversation_id_account_id_message_type_created_a_idx"
+    t.index ["conversation_id"], name: "messages2_conversation_id_idx"
+    t.index ["created_at"], name: "messages2_created_at_idx"
+    t.index ["inbox_id"], name: "messages2_inbox_id_idx"
+    t.index ["sender_type", "sender_id"], name: "messages2_sender_type_sender_id_idx"
+    t.index ["source_id"], name: "messages2_source_id_idx"
   end
 
   create_table "notes", force: :cascade do |t|
@@ -1048,6 +1056,19 @@ ActiveRecord::Schema[7.1].define(version: 2026_01_20_121402) do
     t.index ["user_id"], name: "index_notifications_on_user_id"
   end
 
+  create_table "pg_search_documents", force: :cascade do |t|
+    t.text "content"
+    t.bigint "conversation_id"
+    t.bigint "account_id"
+    t.string "searchable_type"
+    t.bigint "searchable_id"
+    t.datetime "created_at", null: false
+    t.datetime "updated_at", null: false
+    t.index ["account_id"], name: "index_pg_search_documents_on_account_id"
+    t.index ["conversation_id"], name: "index_pg_search_documents_on_conversation_id"
+    t.index ["searchable_type", "searchable_id"], name: "index_pg_search_documents_on_searchable"
+  end
+
   create_table "platform_app_permissibles", force: :cascade do |t|
     t.bigint "platform_app_id", null: false
     t.string "permissible_type", null: false
@@ -1230,7 +1251,7 @@ ActiveRecord::Schema[7.1].define(version: 2026_01_20_121402) do
     t.text "message_signature"
     t.string "otp_secret"
     t.integer "consumed_timestep"
-    t.boolean "otp_required_for_login", default: false
+    t.boolean "otp_required_for_login", default: false, null: false
     t.text "otp_backup_codes"
     t.index ["email"], name: "index_users_on_email"
     t.index ["otp_required_for_login"], name: "index_users_on_otp_required_for_login"
diff --git a/scripts/benchmark_campaigns.rb b/scripts/benchmark_campaigns.rb
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0ee35968a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/benchmark_campaigns.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+# Usage: load 'scripts/benchmark_campaigns.rb'; benchmark_campaigns('website_token')
+
+def benchmark_campaigns(website_token)
+  web_widget = Channel::WebWidget.find_by(website_token: website_token)
+  raise "WebWidget not found for token #{website_token}" unless web_widget
+
+  inbox = web_widget.inbox
+  account = inbox.account
+
+  puts "Inbox: #{inbox.id} | Account: #{account.id}"
+  puts "Campaigns feature enabled: #{account.feature_enabled?('campaigns')}"
+
+  queries = []
+  subscription = ActiveSupport::Notifications.subscribe('sql.active_record') do |_name, start, finish, _id, payload|
+    binds = payload[:type_casted_binds] || payload[:binds]&.map(&:value_for_database) || []
+    queries << { sql: payload[:sql], duration: (finish - start) * 1000, binds: binds }
+  end
+
+  ActiveRecord::Base.uncached do
+    start = Time.now
+    @campaigns = inbox.campaigns
+                      .where(enabled: true, account_id: account.id)
+                      .includes(:sender).to_a
+    @query_time = Time.now - start
+  end
+
+  ActiveSupport::Notifications.unsubscribe(subscription)
+
+  puts "\n=== Timing ==="
+  puts "Query: #{(@query_time * 1000).round(2)}ms"
+  puts "Queries: #{queries.size}"
+  puts "Campaigns found: #{@campaigns.size}"
+
+  puts "\n=== All Queries ==="
+  queries.each_with_index do |q, i|
+    puts "\n#{i + 1}. #{q[:duration].round(2)}ms"
+    puts "   #{q[:sql][0..200]}"
+    puts "   Binds: #{q[:binds].inspect[0..150]}" if q[:binds]&.any?
+  end
+
+  nil
+end
diff --git a/scripts/benchmark_contacts.rb b/scripts/benchmark_contacts.rb
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b124216cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/benchmark_contacts.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+# Usage: load 'scripts/benchmark_contacts.rb'; benchmark_contacts(account_id, user_id)
+# With action: benchmark_contacts(account_id, user_id, action: 'search', q: 'john')
+
+def benchmark_contacts(account_id, user_id, action: 'index', **opts)
+  account = Account.find(account_id)
+  user = User.find(user_id)
+  Current.account = account
+  Current.user = user
+
+  puts "Account: #{account_id} | User: #{user_id} | Action: #{action}"
+
+  queries = []
+  subscription = ActiveSupport::Notifications.subscribe('sql.active_record') do |_name, start, finish, _id, payload|
+    binds = payload[:type_casted_binds] || payload[:binds]&.map(&:value_for_database) || []
+    queries << { sql: payload[:sql], duration: (finish - start) * 1000, binds: binds }
+  end
+
+  ActiveRecord::Base.uncached do
+    start = Time.now
+
+    case action
+    when 'index'
+      contacts = account.contacts.resolved_contacts
+      @contacts = contacts
+                  .includes(avatar_attachment: [:blob], contact_inboxes: { inbox: :channel })
+                  .page(opts[:page] || 1)
+                  .per(15).to_a
+      @count = contacts.count
+
+    when 'search'
+      q = opts[:q] || ''
+      contacts = account.contacts.where(
+        'name ILIKE :search OR email ILIKE :search OR phone_number ILIKE :search OR contacts.identifier LIKE :search',
+        search: "%#{q.strip}%"
+      )
+      @contacts = contacts
+                  .includes(avatar_attachment: [:blob], contact_inboxes: { inbox: :channel })
+                  .page(opts[:page] || 1)
+                  .per(15).to_a
+      @count = contacts.count
+
+    when 'filter'
+      # Requires payload param - simplified version
+      @contacts = account.contacts.page(1).per(15).to_a
+      @count = account.contacts.count
+    end
+
+    @query_time = Time.now - start
+  end
+
+  ActiveSupport::Notifications.unsubscribe(subscription)
+
+  puts "\n=== Timing ==="
+  puts "Query: #{(@query_time * 1000).round(2)}ms"
+  puts "Queries: #{queries.size}"
+  puts "Contacts found: #{@contacts&.size}"
+  puts "Total count: #{@count}"
+
+  puts "\n=== Top 10 Slowest Queries ==="
+  queries.select { |q| q[:duration] }.sort_by { |q| -q[:duration] }.first(10).each_with_index do |q, i|
+    puts "\n#{i + 1}. #{q[:duration].round(2)}ms"
+    puts "   #{q[:sql][0..200]}"
+    puts "   Binds: #{q[:binds].inspect[0..150]}" if q[:binds]&.any?
+  end
+
+  puts "\n=== All Queries (grouped by pattern) ==="
+  queries.group_by { |q| q[:sql][0..100] }.sort_by { |_, qs| -qs.size }.each do |sql, qs|
+    puts "  #{qs.size}x #{qs.sum { |q| q[:duration] }.round(2)}ms - #{sql[0..80]}..."
+  end
+
+  nil
+end
diff --git a/scripts/benchmark_conversations.rb b/scripts/benchmark_conversations.rb
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..59924f61a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/benchmark_conversations.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+# Usage: load 'scripts/benchmark_conversations.rb'; benchmark_conversations(91698, 89557)
+# With options: benchmark_conversations(91698, 89557, assignee_type: 'all', status: 'open', team_id: 123)
+
+def benchmark_conversations(account_id, user_id, assignee_type: 'me', status: 'open', team_id: nil)
+  account = Account.find(account_id)
+  user = User.find(user_id)
+  Current.account = account
+  Current.user = user
+  params = { status: status, assignee_type: assignee_type, page: 1, sort_by: 'last_activity_at_desc' }
+  params[:team_id] = team_id if team_id
+
+  queries = []
+  subscription = ActiveSupport::Notifications.subscribe('sql.active_record') do |_name, start, finish, _id, payload|
+    binds = payload[:type_casted_binds] || payload[:binds]&.map(&:value_for_database) || []
+    bt = caller.select { |l| l.include?('chatwoot') }.first(5)
+    queries << { sql: payload[:sql], duration: (finish - start) * 1000, binds: binds, backtrace: bt }
+  end
+
+  # Disable ActiveRecord query cache
+  ActiveRecord::Base.uncached do
+    start = Time.now
+    finder = ConversationFinder.new(user, params)
+    result = finder.perform
+    conversations = result[:conversations]
+    @finder_time = Time.now - start
+    @conversations = conversations
+
+    start = Time.now
+    conversations.each do |conversation|
+      ApplicationController.renderer.render(
+        partial: 'api/v1/conversations/partials/conversation',
+        locals: { conversation: conversation },
+        formats: [:json]
+      )
+    end
+    @render_time = Time.now - start
+  end
+
+  ActiveSupport::Notifications.unsubscribe(subscription)
+  finder_time = @finder_time
+  render_time = @render_time
+  conversations = @conversations
+
+  puts "\n=== Timing ==="
+  puts "Finder: #{(finder_time * 1000).round(1)}ms"
+  puts "Render: #{(render_time * 1000).round(1)}ms"
+  puts "Total:  #{((finder_time + render_time) * 1000).round(1)}ms"
+  puts "Queries: #{queries.size}"
+
+  puts "\n=== Top 10 Slowest Queries ==="
+  queries.select { |q| q[:duration] }.sort_by { |q| -q[:duration] }.first(10).each_with_index do |q, i|
+    puts "\n#{i + 1}. #{q[:duration].round(2)}ms"
+    puts "   #{q[:sql][0..200]}"
+    puts "   Binds: #{q[:binds].inspect[0..200]}" if q[:binds]&.any?
+    puts "   Source: #{q[:backtrace]&.first}" if q[:backtrace]&.any?
+  end
+
+  # Group queries by conversation_id
+  conv_ids = conversations.map(&:id)
+  conv_queries = Hash.new { |h, k| h[k] = [] }
+
+  queries.each do |q|
+    next unless q[:binds]&.any?
+
+    conv_id = q[:binds].find { |b| conv_ids.include?(b) }
+    conv_queries[conv_id] << q if conv_id
+  end
+
+  puts "\n=== Queries Per Conversation ==="
+  conv_queries.sort_by { |_, qs| -qs.sum { |q| q[:duration] } }.first(5).each do |conv_id, qs|
+    total_ms = qs.sum { |q| q[:duration] }.round(2)
+    puts "\nConversation #{conv_id}: #{qs.size} queries, #{total_ms}ms total"
+    qs.group_by { |q| q[:sql][0..80] }.each do |sql, grouped|
+      puts "  #{grouped.size}x #{grouped.sum { |q| q[:duration] }.round(2)}ms - #{sql[0..60]}..."
+    end
+  end
+
+  puts "\n=== Summary ==="
+  puts "Conversations: #{conversations.size}"
+  puts "Avg queries/conversation: #{(conv_queries.values.sum(&:size).to_f / conversations.size).round(1)}"
+
+  tied_queries = conv_queries.values.flatten
+  untied = queries - tied_queries
+  puts "Queries not tied to conversation: #{untied.size}"
+
+  puts "\n=== Untied Queries (grouped by pattern) ==="
+  untied.group_by { |q| q[:sql][0..100] }.sort_by { |_, qs| -qs.size }.first(15).each do |sql, qs|
+    puts "  #{qs.size}x #{qs.sum { |q| q[:duration] }.round(2)}ms - #{sql[0..80]}..."
+  end
+
+  nil
+end