diff --git a/spec/jobs/automation_rules/process_pending_execution_job_spec.rb b/spec/jobs/automation_rules/process_pending_execution_job_spec.rb
index 72f755a8a..fbde4fd01 100644
--- a/spec/jobs/automation_rules/process_pending_execution_job_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/jobs/automation_rules/process_pending_execution_job_spec.rb
@@ -103,7 +103,9 @@ RSpec.describe AutomationRules::ProcessPendingExecutionJob do
   end
 
   it 'leaves the row processing and reports the error when an action blows up' do
-    allow(AutomationRules::ActionService).to receive(:new).and_raise(StandardError, 'boom')
+    action_service = instance_double(AutomationRules::ActionService)
+    allow(AutomationRules::ActionService).to receive(:new).and_return(action_service)
+    allow(action_service).to receive(:perform).and_raise(StandardError, 'boom')
     allow(ChatwootExceptionTracker).to receive(:new).and_call_original
 
     job.perform(pending_execution.reload)
@@ -124,7 +126,7 @@ RSpec.describe AutomationRules::ProcessPendingExecutionJob do
     job.perform(row.reload)
 
     expect(row.reload).to be_executed
-    expect(conversation.messages.outgoing.pluck(:content)).to include('Just checking in')
+    expect(conversation.messages.outgoing.where(content: 'Just checking in').count).to eq(1)
   end
 
   it 'cancels the follow-up when the customer replied before it was due' do
diff --git a/spec/jobs/automation_rules/trigger_pending_executions_job_spec.rb b/spec/jobs/automation_rules/trigger_pending_executions_job_spec.rb
index d365f512d..4bcf8dad5 100644
--- a/spec/jobs/automation_rules/trigger_pending_executions_job_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/jobs/automation_rules/trigger_pending_executions_job_spec.rb
@@ -10,9 +10,11 @@ RSpec.describe AutomationRules::TriggerPendingExecutionsJob do
 
   it 'enqueues a per-row job for due pending rows but not future ones' do
     due_row = create(:automation_rule_pending_execution, account: account, conversation: conversation, due_at: 1.minute.ago)
-    create(:automation_rule_pending_execution, account: account, due_at: 1.hour.from_now)
+    future_row = create(:automation_rule_pending_execution, account: account, due_at: 1.hour.from_now)
 
-    expect { job.perform }.to have_enqueued_job(AutomationRules::ProcessPendingExecutionJob).exactly(:once).with(due_row)
+    expect { job.perform }.to have_enqueued_job(AutomationRules::ProcessPendingExecutionJob).exactly(:once)
+    expect(AutomationRules::ProcessPendingExecutionJob).to have_been_enqueued.with(due_row)
+    expect(AutomationRules::ProcessPendingExecutionJob).not_to have_been_enqueued.with(future_row)
   end
 
   it 're-enqueues stale processing rows so they get retried' do
diff --git a/spec/models/automation_rule_pending_execution_spec.rb b/spec/models/automation_rule_pending_execution_spec.rb
index 31dd2e642..d76296e65 100644
--- a/spec/models/automation_rule_pending_execution_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/models/automation_rule_pending_execution_spec.rb
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ RSpec.describe AutomationRulePendingExecution do
 
     it 'derives awaiting_agent episodes from waiting_since (sub-second) for incoming messages' do
       message = create(:message, conversation: conversation, account: account, message_type: :incoming)
-      expect(described_class.episode_key_for(conversation.reload, message)).to eq("awaiting_agent:#{conversation.waiting_since.to_f}")
+      expect(described_class.episode_key_for(conversation.reload, message)).to eq("awaiting_agent:#{conversation.waiting_since.strftime('%s%6N')}")
     end
 
     it 'distinguishes two waiting periods that fall within the same second' do
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ RSpec.describe AutomationRulePendingExecution do
 
       # Once waiting_since settles to the message's created_at, the strict fire-time key matches.
       conversation.update!(waiting_since: message.created_at)
-      expect(armed_key).to eq("awaiting_agent:#{message.created_at.to_f}")
+      expect(armed_key).to eq("awaiting_agent:#{message.created_at.strftime('%s%6N')}")
       expect(armed_key).to eq(described_class.episode_key_for(conversation.reload, message))
     end